Tooth Extraction with Bone Grafting — Informed Consent

This form and your discussion with your doctor are intended to help you make informed decisions about your surgery. As a member of the treatment team, you have been informed of your diagnosis, the planned procedure, the risks, benefits, and alternatives associated with the procedure, and any associated costs. You should consider all of the above, including the option of declining treatment, before deciding whether to proceed with the planned procedure. Your doctor is available to answer any questions you may have and provide additional information before you decide whether to sign this document and proceed with the procedure.

You have been informed of and understand the risks related to surgical procedure include but are not limited to:

1) Pain, swelling, bleeding, infection, bruising, delayed healing, scarring, damage to other teeth and/or roots that may result in the need for tooth repair or loss, loose tooth/teeth, damage to dental appliances, retention of tooth structure, bone or foreign material in the body, cracking and/or stretching of the corners of the mouth, cuts inside the mouth or on the lips, jaw fracture, stress or damage to the jaw joints (TMJ), difficulty in opening the mouth or chewing, allergic and/or adverse reaction to medications and/or materials.

2) Nerve injury, which may occur from the surgical procedure and/or the delivery of local anesthesia, resulting in altered or loss of sensation, numbness, pain, or altered feeling in the face, cheek(s), lips, chin, teeth, gums, and/or tongue (including loss of taste). Such conditions may resolve over time, but in some cases may be permanent and/or require additional treatment. Part of the tooth and/or roots may be left to prevent damage to nerves or other structures.

OAC (Oroantral Communication): The root tips of maxillary molars often extend into the sinus, a hollow chamber behind the cheekbones. When these teeth are removed, an opening may occur from the mouth into the nasal or sinus cavities (oroantral communication/hole in sinus), causing regurgitation of food/air from mouth to nose. The dentist may need to surgically close the opening. Small exposures often heal on their own, but if the communication is large, a surgical procedure may be necessary to close it. It's also very important to follow sinus precautions after surgery to promote healing and prevent complications.

3) Dry socket (slow healing) resulting in jaw pain that increases a few days after surgery, and jaw fracture.

4) Sharp ridges or bone splinters may form where the tooth was removed, possibly requiring additional surgery. Failure of the bones to heal may require further surgical treatment.

Bone grafting may be necessary. The graft will be taken from an anatomic location or will be banked bone or bone substitute.

This graft involves additional potential risks, including but not limited to:

• Nerve injury at the place the graft was taken from or where the graft is placed, resulting in altered or loss of sensation, numbness, pain, or changed feeling in the lips, chin, teeth, gums, and/or tongue (including loss of taste). Such conditions may resolve over time, but in some cases may be permanent.
• Failure, loss, infection, or rejection of the graft or membranes used to contain the graft.
• If a banked bone or bone substitute graft is elected, there is a rare chance of disease transmission from the processed bone.

You will elect to proceed with one of the following anesthesia options:

• **Local Anesthesia** — Numbing of the surgical area only
• **Nitrous Oxide** — "Laughing gas" for relaxation
• **Mild Sedation** — Light sedation while remaining conscious
• **Moderate Sedation** — Deeper sedation with reduced awareness
• **Deep Sedation (General Anesthesia)** — Full sedation/unconsciousness

The potential risks of anesthesia include but are not limited to:

• Pain, swelling, redness, irritation, numbness and/or bruising in the area where the IV needle is placed. Usually, the numbness or pain goes away, but in some cases, it may be permanent.
• Allergic or adverse reactions to medications or materials.
• Nausea, vomiting, disorientation, confusion, lack of coordination, and occasionally prolonged drowsiness. Some patients may have an awareness of some or all events of the surgical procedure after it is completed.
• Heart and breathing complications that may lead to brain damage, stroke, heart attack (cardiac arrest) or death.
• Sore throat or hoarseness if a breathing tube is used.

If you have elected Mild, Moderate, or Deep Sedation (General Anesthesia):

• You must not have had anything to eat or drink for at least **six (6) hours** prior to your procedure. Doing otherwise may be life-threatening.
• As instructed, take your regular medications (blood pressure medications, antibiotics, etc.) and/or any medicine given to you by your doctor using only small sips of water.
• You must be accompanied by a responsible adult to drive you to and from the doctor's office, and he/she will stay with you after the procedure until you are recovered sufficiently to care for yourself.
• The drugs given for this procedure may not wear off for **24 hours**.
• During recovery from anesthesia, you agree not to drive, operate complicated machinery or devices, or make important decisions such as signing documents.

• I understand that a tooth extraction is an **irreversible procedure**.
• I understand that I am an important member of the treatment team. In order to increase the chance of achieving optimal results, I have provided an accurate and complete medical history, including all past and present dental and medical conditions, prescription and non-prescription medications, any allergies, recreational drug use, and pregnancy (if applicable).
• I understand and accept the use of tobacco and alcohol is detrimental to the success of my treatment and will comply with my doctor's instructions.
• I understand and agree to follow all instructions provided to me by this office before and after the procedure, take medication(s) as prescribed, practice proper oral hygiene, keep all appointments, make return appointments if complications arise, and complete care. I will inform my doctor of any post-operative problems as they arise. My failure to comply could result in complications, risks, or less than optimal results.
• I understand and accept that the doctor cannot guarantee the results of the procedure.
• If I am sedated or under general anesthesia during the procedure, I further authorize the doctor to modify the procedure if, in his/her professional judgment, it is in my best interest.

You have either developed a communication between the maxillary sinus and your tooth socket or are at a high risk of developing one. We want to be certain that the tissues heal and that a communication does not become permanent. For this reason, we are recommending:

• Do not smoke. Any smoking dramatically reduces wound healing.
• Be sure to take the antibiotics we prescribed until they are gone.
• Avoid blowing your nose during the next four weeks and avoid any activity that increases pressure in your sinuses such as exercise or bending over/straining/sneezing. If you have to sneeze, do so with your mouth open. It is also important to avoid straws or suction.
• If your nose becomes very stuffy, you may use saline nasal spray twice a day for the next two weeks. Sudafed or Dimetapp for at least the next two weeks to reduce sinus congestion. A non-drowsy variety is recommended.
• Do not rinse your mouth too aggressively during these two weeks. Rinse gently.
• If you continue to get a feeling of water getting into your nose when you take a drink, please call our office at 570-884-8321.

Knowing your pain management options after surgery is important. For many patients, over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Aleve) may be effective and may have the fewest risks and side effects.

After a surgery, some patients may require stronger prescription medications like opioids to help relieve moderate to severe pain. The decision to take prescription opioids for pain management is yours.

• Addiction
• Confusion
• Constipation
• Itching and sweating
• Nausea, vomiting or dry mouth
• Slowed breathing
• Depression and death

Additional information about the risks and side effects of opioid use is available on the CDC and FDA websites at www.CDC.gov and www.FDA.gov.

After discussing the risk, benefits, and alternatives for pain management with your doctor, if a prescribed opioid is the best choice, your doctor will prescribe an opioid medication to manage your pain. You are responsible if your opioid medicine is lost, stolen, or used up sooner than prescribed, and your medication may not be replaced.

• The risks of addiction and overdose associated with the use of opioids
• The increased risk of addiction for individuals suffering from both mental and substance abuse disorders
• The danger of taking an opioid with a benzodiazepine, alcohol, or another central nervous system depressant

• Only take the prescribed opioid medication as directed
• Never take more doses than prescribed
• Never use another person's opioid medication
• Never share, sell, or trade the opioids prescribed for you
• Not take opioid medications prescribed by other doctors

• Report any addiction problem to your doctor
• Properly dispose of any unused opioid medications

If an opioid refill is required, contact your doctor's office during normal business hours. Refills will not be provided on nights, holidays, or weekends. Your prescribing doctor may consult the state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) before prescribing opioids.